Genetic Diagnosis of Embryo: PGD

                                                                                         

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD is a test that is available for women over 37 who are at risk for miscarriage and or chromosome abnormalities. Chromosomal disorders are most often the cause for miscarriage. Three of more consecutive miscarriages is considered a high risk for potential future miscarriage and would place the patient at a possible candidate for this testing. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis is only available for those who are under going in vitro fertilization, IVF. The embryo must be created outside of the womb in a laboratory. The in vitro fertilization (IVF) process includes Gonadotropins being injected into the patient to stimulate multiple eggs. The mature eggs are then removed from the patients, under sedation, via a needle. This needle is inserted through the vaginal wall and into the ovary with the use of ultrasound equipment for sight.

PDG testing involves an embryo biopsy. An opening is made in the embryo in the outer layer. This procedure is completed with a laser. A single cell is taken through suction from the embryo through the created opening. A special microscope is used to observe the cell removed from the embryo. The cell then is placed on a slide and preserved until the test results are completed. The embryo is placed in an incubator while the process of testing is completed.

This testing is becoming more available at various fertility centers in the USA. Saint Barnabas, in New Jersey is the world leader of this technology. A consultation is required by genetic counselors that will assess the patients risk of miscarriage and chromosomal disorder. This test does not eliminate the later testing that would take place of amniocentesis that would be completed when the fetus is developing in the womb.

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis can offer hope for patients who have a multiple cycles of ovulation stimulation and in vitro fertilization which resulted in miscarriage and discouragement. The process of ovulation stimulation, egg extraction, embryo fertilization, embryo biopsy and testing can be a long and expensive process. This process can be and overwhelming emotionally and physically. The hope for conception, a healthy pregnancy and the birth of a beautiful, healthy child is leading many to pursue this expensive and physically challenging process.

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