Halitosis

                                                                                         

Halitosis, oral malodor (scientific term) and , breath odor, foul breath, fetor oris, fetor ex ore, or most commonly bad breath are those terms used to describe noticeably unpleasant odors exhaled in breathing – whether the smell is a from an oral source or not. Halitosis has a major impact — personally and socially — on those who suffer from it or to believe they do (halitophobia), and is estimated to be the 3rd most common reason for seeking dental aid, following tooth decay and periodontal disease.

General

In most cases (85-90%), bad breath that originates in the mouth itself.[2] The intensity of bad breath differs by during the day, as a function of oral dryness, (which may be just due to stress or fasting), eating certain foods (such as garlic, onions, meat, fish and cheese), and obesity, smoking and alcohol consumption.[3][4] Because the mouth is very dry and inactive during the night, the odor is generally worse upon awakening ("morning breath"). Bad breath may be transient, and often disappearing following eating, brushing one's teeth, flossing, and then rinsing with specialised mouthwash.
Origins

Mouth

Though the causes of breath odor are not completely understood, most unpleasant odors are that known to arise from proteins trapped in the mouth which are basically processed by oral bacteria. There are over 600 types of bacteria that found in the average mouth. Several dozens of these can produce very high levels of foul odors when incubated in the laboratory.

In fact, most researchers now consider the stomach as a very uncommon source of bad breath (except in belching). The esophagus is a closed and collapsed tube, and then continuous flow (as opposed to a simple burp) of gas or putrid substances from the stomach indicates that a health problem - such as reflux serious enough to be bringing up to stomach contents or a fistula between the stomach and the esophagus - which will then demonstrate more serious manifestations than just foul odor.en
Home care and treatment

Currently, chronic halitosis is not very well understood an by most physicians and dentists, so effective treatment is not very always easy to find. Six strategies may be suggested:

1. Eating a healthy breakfast with some rough foods helps to clean the very back of the tongue.

2. Gently cleaning the tongue surface twice every day with a tongue brush, tongue scraper or tongue cleaner to wipe off the next bacterial biofilm, debris and mucus. An inverted teaspoon is also very effective; a toothbrush should be avoided, as the bristles will grip the tongue, that causing a gagging reflex. Scraping or otherwise damaging the tongue should be avoided, and scraping of the V-shaped row of taste buds found at the extreme back of thethre tongue should also be avoided. Brushing a small amount of the antibacterial mouth rinse or tongue gel onto the tongue surface will further inhibit bacterial action.[2]
3. Maintain water levels in the body by drinking several glasses of water in a day.

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